Monthly Archives: June 2016

96-Grants, NM

Chaco Canyon – center of the ancient Puebloan culture

Chaco Canyon is a complex of several great houses build and used by the Puebloan people between about 850-1150A.D. The great houses were really cities – Pueblo Bonito is the largest and has 600 rooms built in 4 stories. Many were storage rooms and public rooms. Peublo Bonito housed perhaps 2,000 people but the population swelled during feast and ceremonial times when people would come from the other great houses and even from further away, swelling the population to perhaps 6,000 people.

Several of the rooms are round and built down in the ground on the lowest level in large courtyards. They are kivas and they were used for several different ceremonial purposes.

The Puebloan people who are descendents of the people who lived in the great houses have many stories about how their ancestors lived. They believe that the great houses were abandoned at about 1150A.D. simply because the people were nomadic and left it was time to move on. The food supplies may have become scarce after so long in one place, or there may have been a drought. It’s unknown.

All of the great houses were heavily looted in the late 1800s by settlers, many of whom took away wagons of the squared stones to use in their own houses. A surveyor in the 1880s took pictures of the Pueblo Bonito showing it as much larger and more complete at that time. Sand and dirt filled in a lot of it and the National Geographic Society had a project to remove much of the dirt and uncover a lot of Pueblo Bonito so that visitors can see a lot of the ruins. Several other great houses are still mostly under heavy layers of sand and dirt.

The several great houses in the area were connected by roads that were very straight…when the road came to a cliff a stairway was built right into the cliff to preserve the straightness of the road. There’s a nearby very tall and steep butte, Fajada Butte, that has carvings at the top showing the progression of the moon and stars. So it’s known that the Puebloan people charted and studied the night sky.

Here are pictures that we took at Chaco Canyon:

96-Grants, NM

Sky City – the longest continuously occupied village in North America

We visited the longest continuously occupied village in North America…Sky City. It was fascinating! The village is located on top of a free standing mesa 367 feet above the valley floor. Through carbon dating, sientists have verified that the village has been occupied since 1100 a.d. and the oral history of the Acoma people who live there indicates a much longer occupancy.

The oral history also mentions that the first mesa to be occupied in this valley was “Enchanted Mesa” which is higher than Sky City.  The mesa was abandoned when a fierce thunderstorm and lightning strike destroyed the only path up to the top of the mesa.  The people then moved to a nearby mesa and named it Sky City.

Until less than 50 years ago the only way up to Sky City was on foot or with burros up 2 step rock paths. During the 60s a movie was made using the village and in order to accomplish the movie the studio built a paved road for vehicles. The name of the movie is”My name is nobody” and started Henry Fonda. This road is still used today and is the only way up and down except for the foot paths.

The village is still occupied by a few dozen tribe members full time and many more move up temporarily for the two big feast celebrations every year. The village takes up the entire mesa and can house about 4,000 people. It’s very primitive in Sky City; no water or electricity. No sewer…they use outhouses. All supplies including wood for the fires must be brought up from the valley.

The history of the Acoma people is very peaceful until the very late 1500s when Spanish conquistadors found the valley and the mesa. At first they had peaceful relations with the Acoma people, but soon started demanding supplies from the villagers when they came through the area. When the Acoma people refused to hand over all their food and supplies to the Spanish, there was a massacre and the survivors were enslaved to support the Spanish soldiers and to build a Catholic mission church on the mesa which took 11 years and required all able bodied men to hand carry timber and stones from over 70 miles away. The villagers also were forced to convert and stop any “heathen” religious practices. They hid away their religious items and continued their ancient rituals in secret, on fear of death.

Now, the Acoma tribe maintains the mesa village with the tours and visitor center. They also have a casino on their tribal land…but not up on the mesa. Out of respect for the tribal elders and others who live on the mesa, photography is very restricted in the village.  We were not allowed inside any structures except the church, and photography inside the church was prohibited.

We bought some jewelry from an artisan who lives full time on the mesa and also bought a loaf of bread made in one of their outside oven; firewood is placed in the oven and when it turns into charcoal it’s removed and the round loaf of bread is placed inside and the opening closed up.  In about 35-40 minutes the loaf is done, having cooked by the residual heat from the fire.

We also made friends with Maya, a villager child who lives on the mesa and joined our tour chatting with us and reminding us no photos inside the church!

We both thoroughly enjoyed our visit to the Sky City!

Here is a link to a website with more information (click here), and below are some pictures we took on the mesa:

 
95-Alburqueque, NM

We visited the VLA – Very Large Array – 27 huge radio telescopes that see to the furthest reaches of the universe

While in the Albuquerque area we drove to the VLA.  It’s a site of 27 huge radio telescopes out in a flat desert area that is used by various scientists and groups to receive radio signals from the furthest reaches of the universe.  Each of the 27 telescopes is pointed at the exact same spot in space and the 27 act as 1 huge dish to receive and amplify the radio signals.

The VLA is not used to listen for alien signals, rather it’s used to get information about black holes, pulsars, nebulea and other cosmic bodies.  Anyone can request some time from the VLA, you just submit a proposal with scientific information about why you want to point at a specific place in the universe, and if your request is granted the telescopes will gather information from your specific place for a period of a few hours and send you the data.

The VLA telescopes are set up in three rows that point in three different directions.  They are set on tracks, so they can be moved along the three directional arms.  There are four configurations that are used, in one the telescopes are as far apart from each other as possible, in one they are close together as possible, and the other two are in between.  When we visited it was in the “B” configuration, which means the telescopes were pretty far from each other.

Here are some websites with information and videos about the VLA:

 

Here are some pictures (the one with flowers was taken off a postcard).  In the postcard picture the telescopes are in the configuration where they are as close together as possible.  In the closeup picture you can see people near the telescope to get a scope of how big each one is!

95-Alburqueque, NM

We hiked around some small volcano cones near Albuquerque

Just west of the city of Albuquerque and near the Petroglyph National Monument are three small volcano cones.  There’s a hiking trail that takes you past all three and up to the top of two.  We decided to do this hike one morning before it got too hot.

The volcanos are about 130,000 years old and came up through a long rift that parallels the Rio Grande river (which runs right through the city).  There is very little vegetation on these three cones so it’s real easy to see the formation and rocks.

Here are some pictures:

95-Alburqueque, NM

We saw some interesting petroglyphs just outside Alburqueque

We’re here in Alburqueque, NM for a visit, and we found an area with lot of petroglyphs very close to the city.  It’s the Petroglyph National Monument.  The areas with the petroglyphs are based around some volcanos where the volcanic rock spilled down the hillsides in huge chunks and the ancestral Puebloans found that by scraping off the top layer of black on the rocks it would expose a lighter shade underneath.  This is how they formed the petroglyphs.  Modern Puebloans have reviewed a lot of the petroglyphs but aren’t sure what the meaning of most of them area.  We took a 1-1/2 mile hike through an area with hundreds of petroglyphs and took lots of pictures.  Here are some: